As well, post-positivists hold deterministic philosophy in which causes determine effects or outcomes, which are the reflection to the need of identification and the assessment of the causes that influence outcomes such as found in experiments (Creswell 2009). ), philosophy of science (e.g., is intelligent design a genuinely scientific theory? Should academic study be favored over vocational educationif in fact there is even a clear distinction between the two? Should parents or their children have the right to opt out of material they think is inappropriate? In other groups, morality and religion are inseparable because moral behaviors are parts of their beliefs. they are able to reason welli.e., to construct and evaluate various reasons that have been or can be offered for or against candidate beliefs, judgments, and actions; and Is the distinction really so obvious between education and indoctrination? Thinking that its subjective or optional; when in reality most simply miss the forest for the trees. Many aims have been proposed by philosophers and other educational theorists; they include the cultivation of curiosity and the disposition to inquire; the fostering of creativity; the production of knowledge and of knowledgeable students; the enhancement of understanding; the promotion of moral thinking, feeling, and action; the enlargement of the imagination; the fostering of growth, development, and self-realization; the fulfillment of potential; the cultivation of liberally educated persons; the overcoming of provincialism and close-mindedness; the development of sound judgment; the cultivation of docility and obedience to authority; the fostering of autonomy; the maximization of freedom, happiness, or self-esteem; the development of care, concern, and related attitudes and dispositions; the fostering of feelings of community, social solidarity, citizenship, and civic-mindedness; the production of good citizens; the civilizing of students; the protection of students from the deleterious effects of civilization; the development of piety, religious faith, and spiritual fulfillment; the fostering of ideological purity; the cultivation of political awareness and action; the integration or balancing of the needs and interests of the individual student and the larger society; and the fostering of skills and dispositions constitutive of rationality or critical thinking. The ensuing discussion explains why: The methodology to be used for the research will be influenced by social constructivism which is often in combination with interpretivism (Mertens 1998, Bryman 2008) because its underpinnings are appropriate to act in response to the leadership in Risxcel. Inspirational work of J. Dewey School of Education and Human Development, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, Division of Continuing and International Education, they are able to reason welli.e., to construct and evaluate various reasons that have been or can be offered for or against candidate beliefs, judgments, and actions; and. Followed by a discussion on the preferred philosophy which will be adopted for the research project, i.e. There are two well known consequences or side effects of studying philosophy which is disadvantageous. One is schizophrenia or the splitting of the Core Questions WebHailey Coleman Mrs. Feminist, multiculturalist, and postmodern philosophers of education all call into doubt underlying premises of modern pedagogy and philosophy, highlighting their inescapably political nature. Overview Thus you choose the path that can make you reach that goal. Are these tests racially discriminatory? This will involve seeking constant guidance from the supervision term when in doubt on how to interpret findings. It becomes paramount for post-positivists the development of numeric measures of observations and the study of the behaviour for individuals (Creswell 2009). To what degree, if any, should teachers seek (ethnic, gender, socioeconomic) diversity in their classroom? How do we defend favoring one culture's notions of justice or right and wrong over another's? WebEISSN: N/A. It has also presented the philosophy which will be applied to the research project on leadership at Risxcel and given a rationale for its selection. The aim of education is to enable a person to acquire the knowledge of this cause of the causes, the absolute good. Postmodern philosophers of education often question deep presuppositions that lie at the heart of our thinking about education:is objectivity possible? Can we separate the notion of truth from the prescriptions of those in power? social constructivism alongside post positivism In this discussion the merits and demerits of each philosophy, are given along side the research strategies associated with each as well as the rationale for adapting social constructivism. Core Questions From this point of view, this research will require an understanding community, i.e. Is the freedom of students rightly curtailed by the state? In conclusion, this essay has discussed two philosophies, i.e. Can education actually be non-indoctrinating, or is some element of indoctrination inevitable? Platos philosophy of education aims at preparing learners for future life. The first philosophers were also known as the Presocratics. How does learning such principles affect moral behavior? In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Copyright 2000-2022. Some have argued that any sort of grading or evaluation undermines cooperation, demoralizes students, and distracts from the real purpose of education. What makes a reason, in this sense, good or bad? Positivism and post positivism serve as the primary foundation and anchor for quantitative research. There are many beliefs tied into both of these political parties that go into what they understand as right or wrong. In philosophy, you should question everything and never take anything for face value. Retrieved September 10, 2007, from Encyclopadia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-36386. As with multicultural and postmodern schools of educational philosophy, feminism is beset with its own share of internal conflict. Few choices are made empirically. Other issues concern whether the skills, abilities, and dispositions that are constitutive of critical thinking are general or subject-specific. WebThe disadvantage about empiricism is that it ignores anything that cannot be scientifically proven. Considering the method by which educators transmit beliefsprecluding students from engaging critically with these beliefs, by way of asking questions or demanding reasons; Answering such questions inevitably leads us to issues in moral epistemology, which is concerned with the epistemic status of moral claims and judgments. In approaching these questions about the individual, society, and education, there is a general conflict between a more liberal viewpoint of the aim of educationin which the independence of the individual is stressed over the good of the societyand a more communitarian viewin which the individual's far-reaching dependence on and obligation to society has weight. Do they encourage teachers to only 'teach to the test, to students' detriment? Philosophers of education generally agree that instilling critical thinking skills and rationality in students should be an aim of education, if nottheaim. Religion is connected to government in every culture across the globe. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. Like feminists and multiculturalists, postmodern philosophers do not speak with a single voice. By the 1970's the influence of analytic philosophy on philosophy of education had begun to wane, and feminist, multiculturalist, and postmodern critiques of education and educational theory became more prevalent. This position holds that human intellectual mechanisms are flawed and that lifes phenomena are basically intractable, and therefore, one can never fully capture a true reality. WebEducational perennialism is a philosophy that stands for the idea of learning without end.. show more content, This is directly linked to the two benefits that I discussed earlier, since each of them have allowed me to become more educated on those certain topics such as my personal beliefs and my ability to be open-minded. Retrieved September 10, 2007, from Encyclopadia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-36386, Copyright: 2022 University of Miami. Relatedly, many feminist philosophers of education have questioned the focus traditional approaches to the philosophy of education place on those skills that are exercised in the public domainskills such as reason, objectivity, and impartiality. Philosophy is a very important part of peoples lives. The answer to this question, as to the others raised above, may depend in part on the status of the particular school as public (state-supported) or private. Although painful, a fever is a sign that the immune system is functioning correctly. Not only do I find this to be the major benefit of philosophy in my life, but in the lives of every cognizant being. Core Questions But if we are to take such accounts seriously, we must also consider whether or not indoctrination can be avoidedand if it cannot, whether we should be so quick to eschew it. Should there be just one common curriculum for all students, or should the curriculum any one student follows be tailored to his or her special combination of interests and abilities, as John Dewey recommended? What justifies the state in compelling children to attend school? More generally, what epistemological assumptions underlie (or should underlie) the notion of critical thinking? They share in the project of uncovering the relations of power in educational theory and practice, often aiming at a more comprehensive account of education, one informed by the values and beliefs of those groups that are traditionally ignored or excluded. Core questions Religious leaders act as an example to the members of the community. In addition, other religions define the value and framework that helps in identifying what is bad or right. The great range of aims that have been proposed makes vivid the philosopher of educations need to appeal to other areas of philosophy, to other disciplines (e.g., psychology, anthropology, sociology, and the physical sciences), and to educational practice itself. Conclusively, the advantages of the Covid-19 vaccine outweigh the disadvantages. Adopting Constructivism enables participants to give their subjective experiences which are socially and culturally constructed. We see again a resistance to the kind of moral absolutism or imperialism that some think necessary to justify teaching any one particular set of values to students, and again we see concerns regarding indoctrination:are attempts to teach students to think effectively about moral issues tacit forms of proselytization? This also means significant changes in terms of the work program, teacher education, method of work and the manner of assessment of achieved results. Both contemporary and historical philosophers of education have devoted themselves, at least in part, to defending a particular conception of the aims of education or to criticizing the conceptions of others. For example, since philosophy has provided me with an intellectual advantage, I can use this to assist me in an argument. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! 123Helpme.com. For example, some feminist philosophers argue that it is important for boys and girls to master both masculine and feminine roles and abilities. Which model of the mind is most appropriate? You already know what goal you have in mind to achieve. Analytic treatments of the concept of indoctrination have fallen roughly into one of three categories: Critics of this notion argue that it is not a parent's right to control the educational fate of their children, and furthermore that the intolerant religious traditions of some could serve to undermine a reasonably democratic multicultural society. A more general aim is to focus less on the cognitive development of students, and to instead emphasize the importance of traditionally overlooked talents, such as emotional intelligence and intuition. If we can answer the question of what to teach, we should still wonder how students should be taught. Philosophers are posed with the challenge of attempting to solve many of life's unanswerable questions. It starts by giving a brief account of each. . It is how the laws are made and it is the model used to determine what is considered acceptable behavior or morally right and wrong. What is the nature and justification of the authority that teachers exercise over their students? The answer to this question, as to the others raised above, may depend in part on the status of the particular school as public (state-supported) or private. Additionally, having a philosophy makes it easier to make decisions regarding yourself. By applying Social Constructivism, the project therefore positions the acknowledgement of how the interpretation of data flows from historical experiences, personal and cultural (Creswell 2009). Pragmatism is about what you do and why you do it. Should schools encourage students to be reflective and critical generally, or should they refrain from encouraging students to subject their own ways of life to critical scrutiny? There is need for dedication to field work, collecting the data, gaining rapport and when it comes to data analysis, one must sort out through large of data before reducing them to a few themes (Creswell 1998). Idealism is not practical as it does not account for the realities of life. What this entails, however, is the subject of much debate. Core questions They teach the concepts of good thoughts and deeds in the society. What is it exactly to think critically, and why should educators hold it in such high esteem? Social epistemology. These accounts all result in a particular picture of indoctrination: the indoctrinated student has beliefs that have not been subjected to rational scrutiny; critical thinking did not play a role in the adoption of these beliefs. Education prepares a man for the vision of absolute reality. WebConclusion. While representatives have the ability to differentiate between what they believe is right or wrong, most general ideas remain the same. While these issues largely involve questions in ethics and political philosophy, they are also informed by other philosophical concerns. Is education itself merely a tool by which those in power maintain social and economic inequalities? To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Like feminists and multiculturalists, postmodern philosophers do not speak with a single voice. The goal of which will bring you to having a good life. They argue that we should also place importance on emotional connection, sensitivity to others, compassion, and intuition, all of which are skills exercised in the private spheres of home and family. The characteristics of a good philosopher are someone who possesses the qualities to use their habits of mind and be able to think on a higher level than most do. These questions lead to limitless possibilities, broadened horizons, and freedom from what we know. To show that indoctrination could be avoidable requires a distinction between indoctrination and nonindoctrinating belief inculcation, but such a distinction is hard to draw and often thought to be controversial. While social constructivism clearly has its challenges, it was deemed more appropriate for the research project. Overview In this case, it is anticipated that being informed and directed of the post positivist paradigm would have make the study somewhat people -less (Kitchin 2006: 6) as it ignores their views and beliefs within a study population otherwise highly charged with these, given the subject of leadership. Only through this interaction can deeper meaning be uncovered. Philosophy has made this a benefit in my personal life because I was required to do my own research and interpret things in my own way rather than listen to what people tell me to believe in or understand things the way other people understand them. We do not study philosophy. Philosophy is not a science. It is an activity to clarify logically the thoughts. We study Philosophers and their app Some argue that parents should have ultimate authority regarding their children's educations, on the grounds that parents are more trustworthy, and in a more legitimate position of authority, than any government officials could be.